There have been standalone food courts as well - collections of widely variant restaurant *kitchens* under one roof, with a common seating area. In the sixties or early seventies there was one such in Denver, Colorado, the Yum Yum Tree. A great solution to the problem of "I want Italian, she wants Chinese, the kids just want a burger and fries".

Really, though, if one is flexible in one's definition, a thousand souks, bazaars, and street markets over the ages fit the general description. Shoot, Manhattan fits the description, if the clientele is hungry alien overlords...