Oh, oh! A ship, and Crayons has looked! (Sorry, I tend to focus on ships a bit, but I hope to be helpful!)

The "console" you're referring to is usually called the "binnacle" - it's the housing for the compass. In more modern, metal, ships it also contains all the "tuning" stuff that negates the magnetic effects of the ship itself... erm, digression. In sailing ships with wheel, that wheel is usually mounted on the binnacle, so the helmsman can look at the compass...doh.

The size of the wheel. It can feasibly be of any size. Having a wheel means that there has to be a set of wheels and gearing connected to the actual rudder. That is where all the stresses are. If you look at a modern yacht with a wheel - the top of the rudder axle has a large "wheel" - maybe a yard across - with a wire or chain or whatever around the circumference and running forward to another much smaller "wheel" at the bottom of the binnacle. Think of a bicycle, cogs and chain. Only think of a really low gear where the front cog is small and the rear cog is big! This, of course explains why, when the captain shouts "hard a-starboard", the helmsman literally spins the wheel. It's a very low gear. I'm rambling. Basically the wheel is what it needs to be for "human factors", so about a yard is fine. One or two helmsmen can operate it at need.

Straight sides. There's no spectacular reason against these. Wood is wood and can be made to any shape. If the ship is mainly cargo then a tubby old scow is fine. If it's a warship, then speed and manouvreability become important and the hydrodynamics of the hull come into play more, but in reality, for max speed it's less of a factor that you'd imagine.
The main limiting factor to the maximum speed of a sailing ship is the ship's length, unless that ship can "plane" (or sort of "skim"). It's a pretty hard limit, where mass, sails etc just improve or degrade within that limitation. I see no problem with the shape of the hull here in plan view.

I think I need a view of the scale here? Your masts look huge. At most I'd think maybe 2ft dia, a lot of the real work is done by the stays and shrouds (ropes holding the mast upright). Masts go all the way down to the keel.
The rowing boats look too small? Depends n what sort of ship this is I guess.

Hammocks - try doing a google images search of "hms victory hammocks". They did tend to pack people in. In and over the cannon, cargo, whatever.

Cabins. Officers would have cabins. Either their own, or shared, depending on rank. The best place is at the rear of the ship - remember it's wind powered, so usually the wind is behind in some manner - the smell of the ship therefore goes forwards! For that same reason, the galley is usually forward, so if there is a fire it will blow the smoke and flames over less of the ship. Galley will probably be under the foc'sle deck

Sanitation. Yup, the crew will just take advantage of the latest in freely ventilated, open planned toilet faclities. The officers will have a head but I guess that's just a small box room with a hole over the side. Officers are "gentlemen" after all.

Deck fittings. Generally a ship is symmetrical. Like the cargo hatches - you might moor up on either side so there is no reason to favour one side over the other for access.

The lowest Bow storage area is usually where the anchor chain lives, fed up through holes in the deck. The bow is also a place where unused sails are stored - perhaps under the foc'sle deck too?. There would likely be a hatch rather than stairs here (the mast is in the way!).
There are also some skilled workmen to accomodate - a carpenter and sailmaker for example. If it's a warship with cannon or arbelests etc, then some sort of armorer?

'snuff for now! I hope it helps?