Well, for real world cartography, as opposed to the fantasy stuff we mostly do here at the guild, it's going to be the integration of GIS and Graphics software, and the specialized graphic design principles specific to designing maps that are most important.

There might be an advantage to using whatever vector graphics software is used in graphic design courses at your Uni in that you could make an intro course there a prerequisite and save yourself having to cover the basics. Though there are also advantages to getting experience with more then one application for the same task. Adobe Illustrator is probably what's being used, but Corel Draw, Xara X, Serif DrawPlus, and Inkscape all do essentially the same thing. There are probably cartography specific extensions available for some of them which might be worth adding.

I use a mix of free/open source GIS and Graphics software, primarily QuantumGIS and Inkscape. This has the advantage of being free and multiplatform. Getting ArcGIS and Illustrator would cost close to $2000 and wouldn't run on Linux.

Depending on the amount of programming covered in your GIS courses, you can also do some in interesting things by attacking images and GIS data directly. But at that point you'd be mixing in a third discipline besides graphics and geography (maybe a fourth if you count all the math).

Good luck, I'd certainly have taken your course if it had been available as part of the GIS program I took.