Step 8 - The MOST important part to this step is 6.
Create a new layer Edit > Fill = 50% gray. Set the blend mode to HARD MIX. Emphasis because that's the seriously important part. If you don't do that, or you mess with the opacity instead of using the edit > fill with 50% gray, it will not work right in the next step. It does work, I swear it does, it's how I make mine.

Step 21 - I'd need more information to troubleshoot it.

Step 23 - This one, I'm not positive but my best guess is this: Ctrl-Click on the picture of the layer, not the layer itself. If you ctrl-click on the layer, you select a layer that's probably hidden and you can't effect it. ctrl-clicking the picture of the layer. It's important to note that you want the "mountains" layer as the selected layer. This picture will probably explain it a bit better:

Click image for larger version. 

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