Xenmas, as far as a few links of what the terms are, you can simply punch them into wikipedia and get some info on them.
Heres the ones I know offhand and their simpler definitons:
Albedo
Reflectivity. a value of 1 means the planet reflects ALL light back out into space, thus, any water on the planet would be frozen since the surface reflects all light.
Retrograde Orbit
An orbit of an object that travels in the opposite direction of the other bodies.
Eccentricity
Stablity of the objects orbit. An object that has no eccentricity, revovles around the body in a perfect circle. An object whose eccentricity is a VERY flattened oval, and has an orbit more like a comet, whose orbit varies from really, really close to the sun, to waaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaay out there.
Inclination
The tilt or slope in degrees of the orbital path relative to a specific plane. An orbit whose inclination is 90 degrees, orbits perpendicular to the reference plane.
Rotation
The length of the solar/lunar day. The time it takes the body to complete one spin. Earth's rotation is almost 24 hours.
Axial Tilt
The degrees of tilt the body has. Earth's tilt is 23 degrees I believe. A planet with no axial tilt will lack seasons since the same locations always see the same amount of sunlight year round. Between rotation, eccentricity & rotation, determines the varied nature of the seasons and how much they differ from each other.
This wikipedia link illustrates a few of the orbital properties pretty good, but gets really nerdy in explaining it
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periapsis
If you're interested in the equations used to figure out specific things with known variables, this link will be of interest. Quite the complex stuff though... Now you see why I had no hesitation to get Astrosynthesis.
http://atmos.nmsu.edu/jsdap/encyclopediawork.html
I'm also still holding out for the Celestia exporter.
What are you waiting for Beowulf, go get it? :p