Thanks for your invite. I saw the relief map you have. Its not too bad for getting the height into something which you can use as a world map relief to calculate temperature and vegetation.
I made this up quickly by taking the relief map and splitting the image into red green and blue and using the red and blue colours got to a height map where sea level is black and mountains are white and gave it some gaussian blur. I then used some gamma adjustment so that the lowlands were flatter.
From there I would use this as mask or template to determine the temperature offset so that if sea level was 20 Celsius then for each 1000m it drops 6 Celcius so that at 3000m it starts to form snow. In hotter or colder regions this would be more or less but you have the temperature map done.
Once you know the temperature you get good feel for the rainfall and vegetation that would grow there.
Then when you have relief, temperature and vegetation you can combine them all to look at which realistic textures to use to map onto the different areas.