Let me take some guesses on the equations (I haven't taken any orbital mechanics class or physics beyond regular old kinematics stuff yet).

m is a mass ratio of some kind. Stellar Mass unit?

Below are what look to be standard x,y,z coordinates.

Ve I guess is the velocity of the earth.

So your change (delta) velocity (V) is Ve times the natural log of a ratio of masses.

So you get delta-V expressed against your Ve. e^delta-V/Ve for some reason. the minus 1 is probably derived from some difference equation with some calculus fun in there. Capital E is always total energy and that's a very familiar equation: E = 1/2mv^2 or mass times velocity squared. It's just that you've got this strange coefficient inside.

The topmost equation is a derivative of some kind expressed as relative to mass? (dm/m)

Lower right, the summation of forces equals delta P (potential energy?) divided by delta t (time), taking the limit as t approaches 0. So some kind of instantaneous force summation defined by P.


How close am I so far?